• • • Principal methods and results in breeding of perennial grasses
Methods of plant breeding significantly accelerate breeding of highly productive and qualitative forage crop varieties, resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses. FWRC FPA developed effective breeding methods: experimental polyploidy, chemical mutagenesis, polycross in breeding of heterosis complex-hybrid populations, interspecific hybridization and methods of Biotechnology, Genetics and Selection for symbiotic and rhizosphere potential. Ultra-early red clover “Ranniy 2”, obtained via chemical mutagenesis, produces 10–11 t ha-1 of forage mass for 45–70 days and contains 16–18 % of protein. Tetraploid variety “Mars” of experimental polyploidy gives 12 t ha-1 of forage mass and has 17–19 % of protein. Edaphic selection developed red clover “Topaz”, forming 8–13 t DM ha-1 and 16–18 % of protein content and alfalfa “Selena”, producing 11 t DM ha-1 and growing under рН — 4–4.5. The Center obtained alfalfa-microbial systems, growing for 5–6 years as grass mixtures on cultivated lands and developed methods of conjugate breeding for red fescue, having effective root-rhizobia symbiosis. Red clover “Tetra VIK”, treated by local strains exceeded standard “VIK 7” in DM productivity by 10–18 %. Experimental polyploidy gave tetraploid perennial ryegrass “VIK 66” and “Duet”, having high winter hardiness, method for complex-hybrid populations — meadow fescue “Kvarta” and polycross — smooth brome “Fakelnyy”.
Source: https://kormoproizvodstvo.ru/en/2-2018-2/ , p. 23
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